Trump Fact Check on US Banking in Canada: 

This week Trump made an accusation on social media that “Canada doesn’t even allow U.S. Banks to open or do business there.” 

US subsidiaries and branches represent half of all foreign bank assets in Canada, once fact checked with the Association representing bankers in Canada.

There are 16 US based bank subsidiaries and branches with around $113 billion in assets currently operating in Canada.  These banks specialize in a range of financial services, including corporate and commercial lending, treasury services, credit card products, investment banking and mortgage financing.  They serve cross-border business activities, but also the domestic retail market.

Canada’s Federal Bank Act has for years regulated how Canadian and foreign banks operate and conduct business: 

Under the Canadian Bank Act, there are several key provisions that govern how foreign banks, including American banks, can operate in Canada. The rules are designed to ensure that foreign banks comply with Canadian regulations while maintaining the stability of Canada’s financial system. Here’s an overview of the main rules and requirements for American banks (and other foreign banks) to conduct business in Canada: 

1. Establishing a Branch or Subsidiary 

American banks wishing to operate in Canada have two primary options: 

• Branch: An American bank can establish a branch in Canada, but it must comply with Canadian regulations and may need to maintain a certain level of capital in the country. 
• Subsidiary: Alternatively, an American bank can establish a subsidiary that is a separate legal entity incorporated in Canada. This subsidiary must follow all the same regulations as Canadian banks, including capital requirements and supervision by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI). 

2. Licensing and Registration 

American banks wishing to establish a branch or subsidiary in Canada must be granted permission by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI), which regulates the financial industry in Canada. OSFI will assess factors such as the foreign bank’s financial strength and regulatory history to determine eligibility. 

3. Capital Requirements 

Foreign banks that operate branches in Canada must maintain certain capital reserves, which are subject to OSFI’s oversight. The capital requirements are generally aligned with the standards set by the Basel III international banking regulations, which aim to enhance the stability of the global financial system. 

4. Compliance with Canadian Laws 

Foreign banks must comply with Canadian laws, including: 

• Anti-Money Laundering (AML): Foreign banks must comply with Canadian regulations for preventing money laundering and terrorist financing, which are overseen by the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC). 
• Consumer Protection: Foreign banks must follow Canada’s consumer protection rules, including requirements for clear disclosure of terms and conditions on financial products and services. 
• Privacy Regulations: Foreign banks must adhere to Canada’s Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), which governs the collection and use of personal data. 

5. Operational Restrictions 

• Limited Activities: Foreign banks operating in Canada may be restricted to certain activities, such as operating in specific provinces or offering specific types of financial products. For example, they may not be able to offer the same services as domestic banks, like holding deposits from Canadian citizens in some cases. 
• Deposit Insurance: Foreign branches are typically not eligible to participate in Canada’s Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (CDIC), which insures deposits at Canadian banks. As a result, depositors at a foreign branch may not be covered by deposit insurance. 

6. Supervision and Regulation 

The OSFI supervises all banks operating in Canada, including foreign banks. Foreign branches are subject to the same regulatory supervision as Canadian institutions in many respects, including stress testing, audits, and risk management practices. The Canadian regulatory framework also monitors the foreign parent institution to ensure it is financially sound. 

7. Taxation 

Foreign banks operating in Canada are subject to Canadian tax laws, which may differ from those in their home country. These banks are required to file taxes on any income they earn in Canada, and they may also need to follow specific tax rules regarding cross-border transactions. 

8. Acquisitions and Mergers 

If an American bank seeks to acquire a Canadian bank or merge with one, it must adhere to the Investment Canada Act and receive approval from Canadian authorities. This act evaluates whether the acquisition is likely to result in a "net benefit" to Canada. 

9. Currency and Payments 

Foreign banks that wish to offer services such as foreign exchange or cross-border payments must also comply with Canada’s financial market regulations, including those related to the Bank of Canada and other market participants. They may be subject to additional reporting requirements, especially in cases of large international money transfers. 

Conclusion 

American banks can operate in Canada, but they must comply with a set of regulations designed to protect Canadian consumers, ensure financial stability, and maintain the integrity of Canada’s financial system. These regulations govern the structure of the bank (branch vs. subsidiary), capital requirements, consumer protection, and operational conduct. 

The process of entering the Canadian market requires careful adherence to both Canadian federal laws and international banking standards. If an American bank wishes to establish a presence in Canada, it is crucial to work with legal and regulatory experts familiar with both the Canadian Bank Act and the relevant Canadian financial laws. 

Bank of Canada cuts rates in first decision of 2025

Inflation, labour market and Trump threats all hovered over central banks’ January decision.

The Bank of Canada has lowered its benchmark rate again, making a sixth consecutive cut amid continuing signs of a slowing economy and falling inflation.

The central bank said on Wednesday morning that it had trimmed the key rate by 25 basis points, a move that brings it to 3% but also marks a smaller reduction than its previous two cuts.

That decision arrives after the annual inflation rate dropped to 1.8% in December, just below the Bank’s 2% target, spurred in large part by the federal government’s temporary GST break.

Without that tax break, overall inflation would have jumped to 2.3% – but while the labour market appeared to strengthen in December, adding a better-than-expected 91,000 jobs, the threat of tariffs on Canada by new US president Donald Trump kept a January rate cut firmly on the table.

Bank decisionmakers slashed rates by 50 points in both October and December, with governor Tiff Macklem describing Trump’s tariff threats as a “major new source of uncertainty” last month and underlining the potential they posed for significant disruption to both the US and Canadian economies.

The Bank of Canada’s benchmark rate has now fallen by a full two percentage points since the middle of last year. The central bank introduced a flurry of rate hikes throughout 2022 and 2023 in a bid to curb a spike in inflation – and after holding that rate steady at 5.0% for nearly a year, its highest level since 2001, it began cutting last June.

Resolutions for Your Home and Finances

As the new year approaches, it's a natural time to reflect on our personal goals and set resolutions for the months ahead. Your home and finances are key areas where small, intentional changes can lead to big improvements in security, stability, and quality of life. Here are some resolutions to get you started!

Create a Realistic Home Budget

A well-planned budget is essential for financial peace of mind. Whether you're new to budgeting or want to refine your approach, creating a realistic budget helps prioritize spending, track bills, and put money toward meaningful goals.

• Identify Fixed and Variable Expenses: List out fixed costs, like mortgage payments, utilities, and insurance, as well as variable ones, such as groceries and entertainment.
• Set Savings Goals: Include savings as a "non-negotiable" in your budget, earmarking funds for home repairs, investments, or emergencies.
• Track and Adjust: Track spending throughout the month and adjust where necessary. Financial apps like Mint or You Need a Budget (YNAB) make it easier to stay on course.

Set Goals to Build Home Equity

Building home equity is a key path to increasing net worth. Whether you're planning to sell or stay in your home long-term, building equity can offer financial flexibility and security.

• Make Extra Mortgage Payments: Even a small additional payment toward your mortgage principal each month can shorten your loan term and reduce interest costs. A biweekly payment plan is another effective method to pay down the principal faster.
• Consider Strategic Home Improvements: Invest in upgrades that boost home value, like kitchen and bathroom remodels, or energy-efficient upgrades like new windows or solar panels. Prioritize improvements that add the most value to your property.

Develop a Plan to Pay Down Debt

Paying down debt (especially after the holidays!) can help free up cash flow. It is key to focus on high-interest debts first, such as credit cards, to maximize your payments.

• Use the Debt Avalanche or Snowball Method: The avalanche method involves paying off high-interest debts first, while the snowball method focuses on smaller debts first. Choose the one that best fits your motivation style.
• Consider Refinancing or Consolidation: If you have a high-interest mortgage or multiple debts, refinancing or consolidating might reduce interest rates, making debt repayment more manageable.
• Celebrate Milestones: Paying off debt can feel challenging, so celebrate progress. Every milestone achieved brings you closer to financial freedom.

Commit to Energy Efficiency to Lower Bills

Saving on energy costs can have a significant impact on your budget, especially in colder or warmer months. Simple changes around the home can save you money while benefiting the environment!

• Invest in Smart Thermostats: A programmable thermostat can automatically adjust heating and cooling based on your schedule, saving energy when you’re not home.
• Switch to LED Lighting: LED bulbs use significantly less energy and have a longer lifespan than traditional bulbs.
• Insulate Windows and Doors: Adding weatherstripping to doors and windows keeps drafts out, making your heating and cooling systems more efficient.

Review Your Insurance Policies and Coverage

Insurance is a key element of financial security, but it’s easy to forget about it until something goes wrong. As you head into the new year, this is a great time to make sure you’re fully covered!

• Assess Homeowners and Mortgage Insurance: Review coverage limits and ensure your policy covers potential risks, including natural disasters if you live in high-risk areas.
• Shop for Better Rates: Contact your provider for discounts or shop around for new rates. Bundling policies, like home and auto insurance, can often yield savings.
• Update Beneficiaries and Coverage: Life circumstances change, and your insurance should reflect that. Update your beneficiaries, adjust coverage, and ensure policies align with your financial goals.

Setting resolutions for your home and finances doesn’t have to be daunting! Start with small, actionable goals to help transform your finances - and your mindset - for 2025!

12 Tips for Decluttering Your Space

Decluttering can bring a sense of calm and order to your space, especially as the holiday season approaches. Here are some practical tips to help get organized:

• Start Small and Set Achievable Goals: Avoid overwhelm by breaking down the decluttering process into manageable steps. Set realistic goals, such as dedicating just 15 minutes a day to tidying up. Begin with a small area—like a single drawer or shelf—and gradually expand to larger spaces as you build momentum and confidence.
• Use the “One-In, One-Out” Rule: For every new item you bring into your home, make it a rule to remove an old one. This simple habit keeps your space from accumulating unnecessary items and helps maintain a balanced, organized environment.
• Sort and Categorize with Purpose: Sorting items as you go makes it easier to stay organized and keep track of where everything belongs. Use boxes or bins labeled "Keep," "Donate," "Sell," and "Recycle/Trash" to give each item a clear destination. This method ensures that you can tackle everything in one go without second-guessing.
• Focus on Essentials and Joy: When deciding what to keep, ask yourself, “Does this item serve a purpose, or does it bring me joy?” If the answer is no, it’s probably time to let it go. Focusing on essentials and things that spark joy can help you make more meaningful decisions about what truly belongs in your home.
• Digitize Paper Clutter: Free up physical space by scanning or photographing important documents and storing them digitally. Use cloud storage or an external hard drive to keep these files secure and easily accessible. This practice reduces paper clutter and provides a backup in case of loss or damage.
• Declutter in Layers for Lasting Results: Tackle clutter in layers to avoid feeling overwhelmed. Start with the most obvious items—like broken or rarely used belongings—and gradually work your way through more sentimental or difficult-to-decide items. Revisiting each area multiple times helps you refine your space down to the things you truly need or cherish.
• Adopt a “Capsule” Mindset for Clothes and Accessories: Build a capsule wardrobe by focusing on versatile, high-quality clothing pieces that you love and regularly wear. Store out-of-season items separately to keep your main closet neat and functional. This approach simplifies decision-making and can make daily routines smoother.
• Set Up Regular Decluttering Routines: Make decluttering a habit by scheduling quick, regular clean-ups—a few minutes each day or a larger session every month. Consistency prevents clutter from building up over time and helps you maintain a tidy, organized space effortlessly.
• Involve the Whole Family: Encourage family members to declutter their own spaces and lead by example. Demonstrating the benefits of a tidy, organized home can inspire everyone to participate, making the whole process faster and more enjoyable.
• Treat Your Space as “Prime Real Estate”: View the most visible and accessible areas of your home as “prime real estate.” Reserve these spaces for the items you use and love the most, and relocate or discard things that aren’t worth taking up valuable room.
• Embrace Simple Storage Solutions: Use baskets, bins, and clear containers to keep your belongings organized and out of sight. Labeling containers makes it easy to find what you need at a glance, keeping everything in order while reducing visual clutter.
• Reevaluate Seasonal Items Regularly: After each season, go through holiday decorations, seasonal clothing, and other temporary items to decide what’s worth keeping. Donate, sell, or discard anything you no longer use. This ongoing process will help prevent excess accumulation year after year.

These tips can help you create a cleaner, more peaceful environment and build habits to stay organized in the long term. Happy decluttering!  

Bank of Canada reduces policy rate by 50 basis points to 3¼%

Ottawa, Ontario
December 11, 2024

The Bank of Canada today reduced its target for the overnight rate to 3¼%, with the Bank Rate at 3½% and the deposit rate at 3¼%. The Bank is continuing its policy of balance sheet normalization.

The global economy is evolving largely as expected in the Bank’s October Monetary Policy Report (MPR). In the United States, the economy continues to show broad-based strength, with robust consumption and a solid labour market. US inflation has been holding steady, with some price pressures persisting. In the euro area, recent indicators point to weaker growth. In China, recent policy actions combined with strong exports are supporting growth, but household spending remains subdued. Global financial conditions have eased and the Canadian dollar has depreciated in the face of broad-based strength in the US dollar.

In Canada, the economy grew by 1% in the third quarter, somewhat below the Bank’s October projection, and the fourth quarter also looks weaker than projected. Third-quarter GDP growth was pulled down by business investment, inventories and exports. In contrast, consumer spending and housing activity both picked up, suggesting lower interest rates are beginning to boost household spending. Historical revisions to the National Accounts have increased the level of GDP over the past three years, largely reflecting higher investment and consumption. The unemployment rate rose to 6.8% in November as employment continued to grow more slowly than the labour force. Wage growth showed some signs of easing, but remains elevated relative to productivity.

A number of policy measures have been announced that will affect the outlook for near-term growth and inflation in Canada. Reductions in targeted immigration levels suggest GDP growth next year will be below the Bank’s October forecast. The effects on inflation will likely be more muted, given that lower immigration dampens both demand and supply. Other federal and provincial policies—including a temporary suspension of the GST on some consumer products, one-time payments to individuals, and changes to mortgage rules—will affect the dynamics of demand and inflation. The Bank will look through effects that are temporary and focus on underlying trends to guide its policy decisions.

In addition, the possibility the incoming US administration will impose new tariffs on Canadian exports to the United States has increased uncertainty and clouded the economic outlook.

CPI inflation has been about 2% since the summer, and is expected to average close to the 2% target over the next couple of years. Since October, the upward pressure on inflation from shelter and the downward pressure from goods prices have both moderated as expected. Looking ahead, the GST holiday will temporarily lower inflation but that will be unwound once the GST break ends. Measures of core inflation will help us assess the trend in CPI inflation.

With inflation around 2%, the economy in excess supply, and recent indicators tilted towards softer growth than projected, Governing Council decided to reduce the policy rate by a further 50 basis points to support growth and keep inflation close to the middle of the 1-3% target range. Governing Council has reduced the policy rate substantially since June. Going forward, we will be evaluating the need for further reductions in the policy rate one decision at a time. Our decisions will be guided by incoming information and our assessment of the implications for the inflation outlook. The Bank is committed to maintaining price stability for Canadians by keeping inflation close to the 2% target.

Information note

The next scheduled date for announcing the overnight rate target is January 29, 2025. The Bank will publish its next full outlook for the economy and inflation, including risks to the projection, in the MPR at the same time.

Refinancing Your Mortgage

Refinancing your mortgage can be a smart financial move for many reasons, and as your trusted mortgage advisor, I’ve seen how much it can benefit homeowners!

Ideally, refinancing is done at the end of your mortgage term to avoid penalties, but the timing can vary depending on your goals. For some, it’s about unlocking the equity in their home to fund renovations or cover big expenses like college tuition. For others, it’s an opportunity to consolidate debt, lower their interest rate, or change up their mortgage product.

Let’s take a closer look at some of the ways refinancing your mortgage can help!

• Get a Better Rate: As interest rates have continued to decrease with the Bank of Canada updates these past few months, now is a great time to consider refinancing for a better rate and lower overall mortgage payments!  Experts anticipate the Bank of Canada will move to have the overnight rate down to 4.0% at year-end and potentially down to 2.75% next year.

• Consolidate Debt: When it comes to renewal season and considering a refinance, this is a great time to review your existing debt and determine whether or not you want to consolidate it onto your mortgage. In most cases, the interest rate on your mortgage is less than you would be charged with credit card companies or other forms of financing you may have. Plus, having all your debt consolidated into a single payment can keep you on track!

• Unlock Your Home Equity: Do you have projects around the house you’ve been dying to get started on? Need funds for a large purchase such as a new vehicle or post-secondary education? When you are looking to renew your mortgage, it is a great opportunity to consider refinancing in order to take advantage of the home equity you have built up to help with these larger changes in your life!

• Change Your Mortgage Product: Are you unhappy with your existing mortgage product? If you have a variable-rate or adjustable-rate mortgage, you may be considering locking it in at the lower rates. Alternatively, you may want to switch your current fixed-rate mortgage to a variable option with the interest rates expected to continue decreasing into 2025. You can also utilize your refinance to take advantage of a different payment or amortization schedule to help pay off your mortgage faster!

PLUS! Some latest changes by the Government of Canada will make it even easier for you when it comes to your renewal and refinancing options:

Those of you who may have an uninsured mortgage will no longer have to pass the stress test as of November 21st. This means that you have more flexibility when it comes to rates and mortgage products in renewal or refinance cases in cases where you wish to switch lenders without adding additional funds to your mortgage!

Beginning January 15, the federal government will allow default-insured mortgages to be refinanced to build a secondary suite. If you’ve been considering adding a suite to your property, you may be eligible to access up to 90% of your home’s equity for this purpose.

No matter your plans or situation, please don’t hesitate to reach out to me for expert mortgage advice!

DiY Holiday Gifting Ideas

Looking for some creative and thoughtful DIY holiday gifting ideas that are easy to make and can add a personal touch to your gifts this season? These affordable, fun, and personalized options can suit anyone in your life – and they’ve never been easier to make!

• Homemade Scented Candles: These are easy to make requiring only a few ingredients but can be a great statement for friends and family! Pick their favourite scent in essential oil (lavender, peppermint, cinnamon, sage, etc.) and mix in with melted wax and pour into jars with a wick! Plus, you can customize them further with fun holiday-themed tags or labels on the jars.
• DiY Bath Bombs: Surprisingly easy to make, these bath bombs pair especially well with a homemade candle or handmade soap for the ultimate personal-scented bath set! Requiring just baking soda, citric acid, Epsom salts and essential oils to set in molds, these are a fun, low-cost gift idea!
• Handmade Soaps: Another great gift idea to make a personalized statement are handmade soaps! All you need is a soap base, essential oils, and additives to pour into molds to set! Want to get extra personalized? Find unique and fun molds that celebrate the personality of that friend or family member! 
• Personalized Photo Calendars: Fun for the whole family, personalized calendars can be a great way to snapshot your previous year and highlight the good times as you head through 2025! You can have these created online or do it yourself by printing photos and a template, binding the pages with ribbon, and adding handwritten, personal notes on special dates.
• Custom Recipe Book: Do you have fun family recipes or have friends with a list of top treats? Why not create a custom recipe book with their favourite eats! All you need is a blank notebook or binder, printed recipes plus some photos for added personalization.
• Knitted Outdoor Wear: With the temperatures starting to drop, why not give the gift of comfort with a scarf or hat knitted with love? Combine their favourite colours or patterns and even add a personalized name tag!

The season of giving has never been easier with these affordable, fun and personalized gift ideas for all those special folks in your life!